Computers, Materials & Continua · 2026 · Open access

Find overlapping communities by searching the nodes that carry structure.

SFCMOEA combines structural feature node extraction, maximal-clique representation, and hybrid MOEA/D to reduce the search space while preserving overlapping community structure.

Sicheng Ma · Lixiang Zhang · Guocai Chen · Zeyu Dai · Junru Zhu · Wei Fang

DOI: 10.32604/cmc.2025.073572

Overlapping community network Three communities share structural feature nodes and clique bridges. structural feature nodes
9 / 12real networks with the best reported Q
5 scalesof LFR synthetic benchmarks
2 largereal collaboration networks
≈50%node-use savings even at small scale

A three-stage route from graph structure to overlapping partitions

The method focuses evolutionary search where the network carries the strongest structural signal.

  1. 01

    Extract structural feature nodes

    Map nodes into a structural embedding space, measure similarity with Minkowski distance, and retain the nodes most useful for partition search.

  2. 02

    Represent overlap with maximal cliques

    Search maximal cliques in the selected vertex set and use link strength to merge or preserve clique structure.

  3. 03

    Optimize with hybrid MOEA/D

    Evolve clique-based individuals while assigning unexplored nodes separately, balancing intracommunity density and intercommunity separation.

Where the paper is useful

Cite this work when you need a baseline or related method for overlapping community detection, evolutionary community search, clique-based representation, or structural-node selection.

  • Overlapping community detection in complex networks
  • MOEA/D and multi-objective community optimization
  • Maximal-clique encoding and link-strength allocation
  • Graph embedding for search-space reduction
  • Community-count-aware evaluation with fNMI

Reported comparison

Broad gains in partition quality, with an explicit runtime trade-off.

SFCMOEA reported the best maximum and average extended modularity on nine of twelve real-world networks. It was faster than the compared clique-based and similarity-based MOEA methods, while traditional and shallow embedding baselines remained faster.

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@article{Ma2026SFCMOEA,
  title   = {A Hybrid Clique-Based Method with Structural Feature Node Extraction for Community Detection in Overlapping Networks},
  author  = {Ma, Sicheng and Zhang, Lixiang and Chen, Guocai and Dai, Zeyu and Zhu, Junru and Fang, Wei},
  journal = {Computers, Materials \& Continua},
  volume  = {87},
  number  = {1},
  year    = {2026},
  doi     = {10.32604/cmc.2025.073572}
}

Follow-on application

The paper’s clique and structural-feature perspective also motivates later work on mesoscopic community features under distribution shift in Android malware graphs.

Read the 2026 follow-on preprint →